一. 产品说明书: Clodrosome^® Macrophage Depletion Reagents 

二. 产品应用部分发表文献：

1. Hinson SR, Clift IC, Luo N, Kryzer TJ, Lennon VA. Autoantibody-induced internalization of CNS AQP4 water channel and EAAT2 glutamate transporter requires astrocytic Fc receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017 May 23;114(21):5491-6. PubMed

2. Dhupkar P, Gordon N, Stewart J, Kleinerman ES. Anti‐PD‐1 therapy redirects macrophages from an M2 to an M1 phenotype inducing regression of OS lung metastases. Cancer Medicine. 2018 May 7. PubMed

3. Xiong Y, Page JC, Narayanan N, Wang C, Jia Z, Yue F, Shi X, Jin W, Hu K, Deng M, Shi R. Peripheral neuropathy and hindlimb paralysis in a mouse model of adipocyte-specific knockout of Lkb1. EBioMedicine. 2017 Oct 1;24:127-36. PubMed

4. Crider A, Feng T, Pandya CD, Davis T, Nair A, Ahmed AO, Baban B, Turecki G, Pillai A. Complement component 3a receptor deficiency attenuates chronic stress-induced monocyte infiltration and depressive-like behavior. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2018 Mar 5. PubMed

5. Kocher T, Asslaber D, Zaborsky N, Flenady S, Denk U, Reinthaler P, Ablinger M, Geisberger R, Bauer JW, Seiffert M, Hartmann TN. CD4+ T cells, but not non-classical monocytes, are dispensable for the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the TCL1-tg murine model. Leukemia. 2016 Jun;30(6):1409. PubMed

6. Zhu Z, Ding J, Ma Z, Iwashina T, Tredget EE. Systemic depletion of macrophages in the subacute phase of wound healing reduces hypertrophic scar formation. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2016 Jul 1;24(4):644-56. PubMed

7. Haque MR, Lee DY, Ahn CH, Jeong JH, Byun Y. Local co-delivery of pancreatic islets and liposomal clodronate using injectable hydrogel to prevent acute immune reactions in a type 1 diabetes. Pharmaceutical research. 2014 Sep 1;31(9):2453-62. PubMed

8. Mayo L, Cunha AP, Madi A, Beynon V, Yang Z, Alvarez JI, Prat A, Sobel RA, Kobzik L, Lassmann H, Quintana FJ. IL-10-dependent Tr1 cells attenuate astrocyte activation and ameliorate chronic central nervous system inflammation. Brain. 2016 May 31;139(7):1939-57. PubMed

9. Kermanizadeh A, Chauché C, Balharry D, Brown DM, Kanase N, Boczkowski J, Lanone S, Stone V. The role of Kupffer cells in the hepatic response to silver nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology. 2014 Aug 31;8(sup1):149-54. PubMed

10. Nandi B, Shapiro M, Samur MK, Pai C, Frank NY, Yoon C, Prabhala RH, Munshi NC, Gold JS. Stromal CCR6 drives tumor growth in a murine transplantable colon cancer through recruitment of tumor-promoting macrophages. Oncoimmunology. 2016 Aug 2;5(8):e1189052. PubMed

注意事项

*When animals or cells are treated with Clodrosome^®, phagocytic cells recognize the liposomes as invading foreign particles and proceed to remove the liposomes from the local tissue or serum via phagocytosis. The liposomes then release clodronate into the cytosol resulting in cell death. Unencapsulated clodronate cannot cross the cell membrane to initiate cell death.

*Encapsome^® control liposomes are recognized and phagocytosed by the same mechanism as Clodrosome^®. Since the control liposomes do not contain clodronate, the phagocytic cells are not killed. However, phagocytes do respond to the ingestion of the control liposomes by cytokine secretion, temporary suspension of phagocytic activity and other responses described in the literature.

*The product must be removed from the vial using sterile technique. Do not use if sterility is compromised. This is particularly important if a single vial is accessed multiple times over several weeks. The product should not be used more than 60 days after receipt, even if unopened.

*Liposomes may settle when left undisturbed for more than a few hours. Immediately prior to use, in order to ensure a homogeneous liposome suspension, slowly invert the vial several times until the suspension appears homogeneous by visual inspection. Vigorous or erratic shaking will not damage the liposomes but may induce foaming and bubble formation making it more difficult to accurately measure the desired dosage.

*If the personnel performing intravenous injections are not experienced in or familiar with, precautions for injecting larger volumes (~10% animal weight in ml), viscous liquids or particulate suspensions, consider having extra animals available in case serious injection-related adverse events occur. Dose control animals first to become familiar with large volume injections.

*Within hours after systemic administration of Clodrosome^®, animals begin to lose important components of their immune system. Standard animal handling and housing protocols are not suitable for immunocompromised animals. Even when such precautions are taken, monitor the general health of each animal for opportunistic infections unrelated to the experimental protocol. There is no inherent toxicity to the product at the recommended dose levels.

*If research involves the in vivo administration of Clodrosome^® to immunodeficient mice, such as NCG and SCID mice, a high mortality rate (often more than 50%) is to be expected. In order to have statistically meaningful results, using a larger pool size of mice is recommended.

*When dosing intravenously, use standard precautions for dosing larger volumes to animals including the following: a) warm product to room temperature prior to dosing; b) ensure that all air bubbles are removed from the syringe prior to dosing. Intravenous injection of air bubbles may result in air emboli which can kill or seriously injure animals; c) inject product at a slow, steady rate of no more than 1 ml/min; d) decrease infusion rate if animals display any atypical reactions such as unusual agitation.

*Infusion-related adverse reactions usually involve the animal gasping for air or other seizure-like movements. Animals often recover with no apparent permanent injury, but any potential effects on experimental results must be assessed by the researcher.

*Liposomes should be kept at 4°C and NEVER be frozen.